The East African Community: A Revived Hope for “One Destiny”

To outline the geographic framework of this study, it is necessary to specify what is meant by the subregion of East Africa whose integration is investigated in this monograph. Analysis of regional identity with due account of ethnic and linguistic peculiarities of respective countries helps get a deeper insight in integration processes.

Motto of the East African Community (EAC): “One People One Destiny”.

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Notes

Marcus Harold G., Low D. Anthony. Eastern Africa Region, Africa. Encyclopedia Britannica. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa (accessed on: 10.06.2019).

Horn of Africa Region, Eastern Africa. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Horn-of-Africa (accessed on: 10.06.2019).

Nile Basin Initiative. The course of River Nile. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.nilebasin.org/about-nile-basin/1-the-course-of-the-river-nile (accessed on: 10.07.2019).

Office of Eastern Africa of the Economic Commission of Africa. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.uneca.org/sro-ea/pages/about-office (accessed on: 10.06.2019).

African Union Member States. [E-resource]. URL: https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 (accessed on: 10.06.2019).

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Eastern Africa 1600–1800 AD. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/09/afa.html (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

General Act of the Berlin Conference, February 26, 1885. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.thoughtco.com/general-act-of-the-berlin-conference-4070667 (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Anglo-German Treaty [Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty], July 1, 1890. [E-resource]. URL: https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=782 (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

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The Imperial British East Africa Company. HC Deb, 03 March 1892, vol. 1, cc1836-83. [E-resource]. URL: https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1892/mar/03/the-imperial-British-east-africa-company (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Report of the East African Commission. Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, April 1925, p. 3. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.waado.org/colonial_rule/east_africa/east_africa_commission_1925.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Ibid., p. 182.

Report of the Commission on Closer Union of the dependencies in Eastern and Central Africa. Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, January 1929. [E-resource]. URL: https://ru.scribd.com/doc/74835698/CAB-24-201-Report-of-the-Commission-on-Closer-Union-of-the-Dependencies-in-Eastern-and-Central-Africa-1929 (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Memorandum on Native Policy in East Africa, Cmd. 3573 (London, June 1930), and Statement of the Conclusions of H.M.G. in the United Kingdom as regards Closer Union in East Africa, Cmd. 3574 (London, June 1930).

Lord Sitting on East Africa, November 12, 1930. HL Deb, 12 November 1930, vol. 79, cc73-95. [E-resource]. URL: https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1930/nov/12/east-africa (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Great Britain Parliament Joint Select Committee on Closer union in East Africa, Volume 1, Report 1931. [E-resource]. URL: https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/34450/GIPE-009389-01.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Treaty of Peace with Germany (Treaty of Versailles), 1919. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000002-0043.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Inter-Territorial Organisation in East Africa. First Proposal. Colonial Office. Colonial No. 191. London, 1945. [E-resource]. URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inter-territorial_organisation_in_East_Africa_(Colonial_191).pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Inter-Territorial Organisation in East Africa. Revised Proposals. Colonial Office. Colonial No. 210. London, 1947. [E-resource]. URL: https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/35902/GIPE-013956-02.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

East Africa Royal Commission 1953–1955 Report. Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. Cmd 9475. London: HMSO, 1955. [E-resource]. URL: http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/CommissionReports/E-A-Royal-Commission-1953-1955.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

The Future of East Africa High Commission Services. Report of the London Discussions. Colonial Office. London, July 1961. [E-resource]. URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/The_Future_of_East_Africa_High_Commission_Services_%28Cmnd_1443%29.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Raisman J. East Africa. Report of the Economic and Fiscal Commission. Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Colonies by Command of Her Majesty. Cmd 1279. London: HMSO, 1961.

Declaration of Federation by the Governments of East Africa. Nairobi, June 5, 1963 // Mgaya J. Regional Integration: the Case of East African Community. A sub-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (International Relations) in the Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies. The Australian National University, 1986, pp. 146–149. [E-resource]. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156720467.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Kampala Agreement of 1965 // Mgaya J. Regional Integration: the Case of East African Community. A sub-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (International Relations) in the Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies. The Australian National University, 1986, pp. 150–155. [E-resource]. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156720467.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Kjeld Løwenstein Philip (1912–1989) was a Danish economist and politician (Danish Social Liberal Party). He was a professor at Aarhus University, Stockholm University and University of Copenhagen. He also served as Trade Minister (1957–1960), Finance Minister (1960–1961) and Minister for the Economy of Denmark (1961–1964), and was member of the Danish Parliament (1960–1964).

Mgaya J. Regional Integration: the Case of East African Community. A sub-thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (International Relations) in the Department of International Relations, Research School of Pacific Studies. The Australian National University, 1986, pp. 31–35. [E-resource]. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156720467.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

Ibid., pp. 35–36.

The Treaty for East African Co-operation Act 1967. No. 31 of 1967. Kampala, June 6, 1967. [E-resource], p. 206. URL: http://kenyalaw.org:8181/exist/rest//db/kenyalex/Kenya/Legislation/English/Amendment%20Acts/No.%2031%20of%201967.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

History. East African Development Bank. [E-resource]. URL: https://eadb.org/about-us/history/ (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

The Treaty for East African Co-operation Act 1967. No. 31 of 1967. Kampala, June 6, 1967. [E-resource], pp. 226, 232. URL: http://kenyalaw.org:8181/exist/rest//db/kenyalex/Kenya/Legislation/English/Amendment%20Acts/No.%2031%20of%201967.pdf (accessed on: 17.02.2019).

The World Bank / IFC Oral History Program. Memorialist's name: Victor Umbricht. Date of interview: February 4, 1987, p. 2. [E-resource]. URL: http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/137541468335979109/pdf/791390TRN0Umbr0Box0377367B00PUBLIC0.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Agreement for the Establishment of a Permanent Tripartite Commission for Co-operation between the Republic of Kenya, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Republic of Uganda, 1993 // African Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 5. 1997. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998, pp. 400–404.

Protocol on the Establishment of a Secretariat of the Permanent Tripartite Commission for Co-operation between the Republic of Kenya, the United Republic of Tanzania and the Republic of Uganda, 1993 // African Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 5. 1997. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1998, pp. 405–410.

Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Customs Union, 2004. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eac.int/documents/category/eac-customs-union-protocol (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Communique of the 12th ordinary summit of EAC heads of state. Arusha, December 3, 2010. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/555/Communique12th%20Ordinary%20Summit.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Framework for the attainment of the EAC single customs territory, 2013. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/333 (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Report of the committee on communication, trade and investment on the status of implementation of the single customs territory in the EAC partner states, 2018. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/2037 (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, 1999. [E-resource], pp. 11–12. URL: http://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Ibid., pp. 53, 79.

Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Common Market, 2009. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/2012 (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Protocol on Establishment of the East African Community Monetary Union, 2013. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/1710 (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Ibid., pp. 8–9.

Protocol on Establishment of the East African Community Monetary Union, 2013, p. 21. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/1710 (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Plans to put in place East African single currency by 2024 well underway. EAC Press Release, January 27, 2020. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eac.int/press-releases/1657-plans-to-put-in-place-east-african-single-currency-by-2024-well-underway (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Towards Political Federation in the East African Community Achievements and Challenges. EAC, 2014. [E-resource]. URL: http://eacgermany.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Achievements-and-Challenges-Towards-EAC-Politcal-Federation.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Report of the Committee on Fast Tracking East African Federation, 2004. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/1966 (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Sixth Summit of Heads of State of the East African Community Joint Communiqué. EAC, November 26, 2004. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.iri.edu.ar/publicaciones_iri/anuario/CD%20Anuario%202005/Africa/34-eac-6th%20summit.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Report of the Team of Experts on Addressing the Fears, Concerns and Challenges of the East African Federation. EAC, 2011. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/530/2011-%20FCCs%20Report%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

EAC Secretariat. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eac.int/the-secretariat (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

18th Ordinary Summit of Heads of State of the East African Community Joint Communiqué. EAC, May 20, 2017. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eac.int/communique/847-jointcommuniqu%C3%A9-18th-ordinary-summit-of-heads-of-state-of-the-east-african-community (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

20th Ordinary Summit of Heads of State of the East African Community Joint Communiqué. EAC, February 1, 2019. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eac.int/communique/1343-joint-communiqu%C3%A9-20th-ordinary-summit-of-heads-of-state-of-the-east-african-community (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

East African Community Vision 2050. Regional Vision for Socio-Economic Transformation and Development. EAC, August 2015, pp. 42–43. [E-resource]. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/567 (accessed on: 26.03.2019).

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, 1999, p. 17. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Report of the Team of Experts on Addressing the Fears, Concerns and Challenges of the East African Federation. EAC, 2011. [E-resource], pp. 5, 27. URL: http://repository.eac.int/bitstream/handle/11671/530/2011-%20FCCs%20Report%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

Prof. Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o and Others Vs Attorney General of Kenya and Others. East African Court of Justice, Ref No. 1 of 2006 and Appeal No. 1 of 2009. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.eacj.org/?cases=prof-peter-anyang-nyongo-and-others-vs-attorney-general-of-kenya-and-others (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, 1999, p. 39. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Joint Communique By H.E Uhuru Kenyata, President Of The Republic Of Kenya After An Official Working Visit To His Counterpart, H.E Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President Of The Republic Of Uganda, at State House, Entebbe, 2013. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2013/06/26/joint-communique-governments-uganda-kenya-and-rwanda-heads-state-three-countri (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

Third Northern Corridor Integration Projects Summit joint communique. Kigali, 2013. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2051766/data/611287/-/yutnqm/-/Final+Communique.pdf (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

Ninth Northern Corridor Integration Projects Summit, joint communique. Kigali, 2015. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.president.go.ke/2015/03/07/9th-northern-corridor-integration-projects-summit/ (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

Tenth Northern Corridor Integration Projects Summit, joint communique. Kampala, 2015. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.mofa.go.ug/files/downloads/MOFA_May_2015_NCIP%20Joint%20Communique.pdf (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

Fourteenth Northern Corridor Integration Projects (NCIP) Summit joint communique. Nairobi, 2018. [E-resource]. URL: http://meac.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/14TH-NCIP-SUMMIT-DRAFT-BACKGROUND-PAPER-2.pdf (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

Thirteenth Northern Integration Projects Summit joint communique. Kampala, 2016. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.tralac.org/images/docs/9536/13th-ncip-summit-joint-communique-april-2016.pdf (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, 1999, p. 19. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Application No. 1 of 2008 in the Matter of a Request by the Council of Ministers of the EAC for an Advisory Opinion. URL: https://www.eacj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/advisory_opinion_1_of_2008.pdf (accessed on: 20.05.2019).

The Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community, 1999, p. 38. [E-resource]. URL: http://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf (accessed on: 17.03.2019).

Ibid., p. 107. Ibid., pp. 113–114.

Burundi: Running out of Options in Burundi // AllAfrica, June 20, 2019. [E-resource]. URL: https://allafrica.com/stories/201906240484.html (accessed 03.11.2019) (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

EAC threatens to suspend South Sudan over non-payment of arrears // Sudan Tribune, October 6, 2019. [E-resource]. URL: https://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68251 (accessed 03.11.2019) (accessed on: 17.03.2020).

How the East African Community can help Somalia’s Recovery // Garowe Online, March 13, 2020. URL: https://www.garoweonline.com/en/editorial/how-the-east-african-community-can-help-somalias-recovery (accessed 17.06.2020).

Somalia chooses new leader in presidential elections // The Guardian, September 10, 2012. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/10/somalia-chooses-new-president-elections (accessed 17.06.2020).

Joint Communiqué. 14th Ordinary Summit of EAC Heads of State. November 30, 2012. URL: https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article44749 (accessed 17.06.2020).

Joint Communiqué. 15th Ordinary Summit of EAC Heads of State. November 30, 2013. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/546 (accessed 17.06.2020).

Joint Communiqué. 16th Ordinary Summit of EAC Heads of State. February 20, 2015. URL: http://repository.eac.int/handle/11671/547 (accessed 17.06.2020).

39th Meeting of the Council of Ministers underway in Arusha. EAC, November 22, 2019. URL: https://www.eac.int/press-releases/1628-39th-meeting-of-the-council-of-ministers-underway-in-arusha (accessed 17.03.2020).

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia Claire A. Amuhaya
Department of Theory and History of International Relations, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia Denis A. Degterev

Claire A. Amuhaya